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 Charles Gauthier de Boisverdun and Catherine Camus

Early French Pioneers in New France

Charles Gauthier de Boisverdun, the son of Philippe Gaultier and Marie Pichon, was baptized on October 2, 1628, in the parish of Saint-Étienne-du-Mont in Paris, France. His parents were married in the parish of Saint-Sulpice in Paris on June 10, 1618. They had five children: Guillaume (born ca. 1622), Claude (born in 1623), Catherine (born in 1626), Charles (born in 1628) and Jean (born in 1630).

[In Canada, Charles’s surname was also spelled Gautier, Gaultier, Gaulthier and Gastier. He signed his name “Gautie.”]

The Gauthier family lived on rue des Amandiers in Paris, where Charles’s father Philippe worked as a master printer. Philippe was buried in Paris on August 13, 1631, at the age of about 39.

Several of the books published by Philippe Gaultier

After her husband’s death, Marie Pichon continued his printing business. In 1632, she published a book under the name “la veuve Philippe Gaultier” (the widow of Philippe Gaultier).

Later that year, Marie married Charles Sevestre in Paris. The couple had two children in France: Denise and Marguerite. Charles apparently took over from Marie as the family book printer, coming from a family of publishers himself. From 1633 to 1635, he printed several books from “rue des Amandiers, au Pelican, prés le College des Graffins,” Philippe Gaultier’s old print shop. In 1636, Charles and Marie decided to leave their home and business to start anew in New France.  

It was a curious decision. The couple was well-established in Paris, with several children, a baby on the way, and a seemingly successful business. There was no print press in New France, so Charles would need to find a new profession. The family likely wasn’t looking for better opportunities, leading to speculation about their motivations for leaving Paris. One possible explanation is that the Sevestre family had published several books on reformed religion and alchemy, possibly drawing the ire of local and religious authorities.

Marie Pichon arrived in Canada in 1636 with her five first-born children: Guillaume, Claude, Charles, Catherine and Jean Gaultier, her second husband Charles Sevestre and her second-born children: Denise, and Marguerite Sevestre. Additionally, Charles’s brothers, Jacques and Thomas, and their widowed mother, Marguerite Petitpas, who was about 56 years old, also joined them. 

At that time, the population of Quebec City, where they settled, was only a few dozen Europeans. Most were fur traders, fishermen, sailors, soldiers, tradesmen, and labourers on work contracts. The total population of New France was fewer than 240 people. The arrival of a three-generation family group, including seven children, was exceptional. The adults in the family were all literate, which was almost certainly unique for any family in Quebec at the time. To top it off, Marie Pichon was pregnant and delivered another child within months of their arrival.

Life in Québec at this time would have been challenging, particularly for a family accustomed to city living in Paris. They likely resided in a modest wooden cabin with a thatched roof, situated on land that might not have been fully cleared. The harsh winters would have been especially jarring, characterized by extreme cold and deep snow. The family's diet would have been limited and primarily consisted of fish, game, and preserved foods such as salted meat and fish. They may have cultivated a small garden to grow vegetables and grains, supplementing their diet with what they could produce themselves. Additionally, the family would have had to adapt to the rugged and often isolated conditions of the New World, relying on their resourcefulness and resilience to navigate the challenges of frontier life.

Charles Gauthier was not yet eight years old when he arrived in Quebec with his family in 1636. The first mention of him in the Canadian public record was on February 5, 1651, when he purchased a house in Cap-Rouge from the Fabrique of the parish of Notre-Dame de Québec. He was 22 years old. Along with the house, he acquired 50 arpents of land bordering the St. Lawrence River.

On February 8, 1652, the seigneurie of Gaudarville was created just west of Québec, and Charles was recorded as one of the landowners living in this territory, which included Cap-Rouge.   

Charles Gauthier's financial ventures in his young adulthood were likely enabled by his stepfather, Charles Sevestre. Since at least 1645, Sevestre had been the chief clerk of the Company of One Hundred Associates in Québec. In this role, he managed all operations of the storehouse and trading shop and was undoubtedly well compensated. The Sevestre and Gauthier families were well off; in one document from that period, Charles Gauthier's occupation is listed as "bourgeois."

On August 13, 1653, Charles hired François Blondeau, for a period of one and a half months, in return for four barrels of salted eels. The nature of the work was unspecified.

On June 6, 1656, Charles sold land on the outskirts of Québec to François Blondeau for 200 livres. The land measured one arpent of frontage along the St. Lawrence River by six arpents deep on the “Grande Allée.” Charles had received this land as a donation from Louis D’Ailleboust on May 8, 1651. Blondeau agreed to pay the annual six deniers per arpent in cens to the Compagnie de la Nouvelle-France. 

Catherine Camus, daughter of Hector Camus and Jacqueline Mondy, was baptized on November 23, 1633, in the parish of Saint-Solenne in Blois, Orléanais, France (in the present-day department of Loir-et-Cher). Her godparents were Adrien Arrondeau and Magdelaine Camus. The church of Saint-Solenne became the Cathedral of Saint-Louis in 1697.

Catherine’s father was a master mason and tiler. Her sister Claude was born ten years earlier than she was. Claude married Claude Charron on October 11, 1649, in Blois. The couple decided to leave France sometime before 1652, sailing to New France with their son Claude and settling in Québec. Claude likely enticed her sister Catherine to embark on the adventure of New France, albeit a few years later.   

Catherine probably left France in late spring or early summer of 1656. She was a “fille à marier” (a “girl to marry” or “marriageable girl”). In Canada, the Camus women’s surname was sometimes spelled Le Camus. 

Marriage

Charles Gauthier and Catherine Camus were married on August 1, 1656, in the parish of Notre-Dame in Québec. The groom was 27 years old; the bride was 22.

The couple had eight children, seven daughters and one son:

1. Anne (1657-aft. 1708)

2. Catherine (1658-1712)

3. Marie (1660-1745)

4. Geneviève (1662-bef. 1681)

5. Marie Claire Françoise (1664-1755)

6. Marie Renée (1666-1687)

7. Marie Madeleine (1669-1708)

8. Louis Bernard (1671-1757)

Land and Real Estate

In the 1650s, Charles’s name was recorded in two notarial records with René Mézeray dit Nopces:

• November 10, 1656: Charles received a donation from René Meseré dit Nosse [Mézeray dit Nopces] of two plots of land measuring 100 feet long by 66 deep by 36 wide.  

• February 8, 1657: Charles purchased a house located in the seigneurie of Guadartville [Gaudarville] from René Meseré dit Nosse [Mézeray dit Nopces] and his wife Nicole Garnaud for 300 livres. The house was located on the shore of the St. Lawrence River, at the bottom of the hill, between the road leading up from the Fort of Gaudarville and the house of François Boucher.

On January 22, 1663, Charles received a land concession on Île-d’Orléans from Charles de Lauson. The land measured three arpents of frontage facing the St. Lawrence River. Charles agreed to pay 20 sols per arpent in rente annually plus 12 deniers in cens on the feast of Saint-Remy in October, as well as two live capons.

Before the Courts

On October 27, 1663, Charles brought a case before the Conseil Souverain (Sovereign Council) against Louis Godefroy de Normanville. The court ordered Godefroy to pay the sum of 299 livres and 7 sols.

A rather interesting case brought Charles before the Council again on June 18, 1664. On that day, the Council condemned Charles Courtois and Laurent Denis to pay Charles 100 livres for the value of five large pigs that they allegedly hunted and chased into the woods after All Saints' Day.

Charles appeared before the Council again on August 9, 1664. On this occasion, the court ruled to cancel a contract between Charles and Nicolas Chesneau, ordering the latter to deliver four thousand fresh eels and return five pots and their fittings that had been provided to him.

In 1666, Charles and Catherine were enumerated in the census of New France, living on Île-d’Orléans with their five children and two contracted workers. In the following census, taken the very next year, Charles and Catherine were recorded living in “Cap Rouge et Coste de St. Ignace” with their six children and one domestic servant. The family had no recorded animals or cultivated land. Curiously, they were also recorded in the same census living at Petit Cap de la Madeleine (indeed, they were counted twice). Here, Charles owned nine arpents of land under cultivation.

Additional Land and Real Estate Transactions

In the late 1660s and 1670s, Charles was involved in several agreements relating to land and real estate:

• October 3, 1668: Charles exchanged a plot of land with one owned by Michel Filion, both located in the seigneurie of Lauson [Lauzon]. Filion was the deputy King's Attorney in the Conseil souverain.

• October 25, 1668: Charles and Catherine agreed to pay an annual and perpetual annuity of 55 livres, 11 sols and 2 deniers to Charles Aubert de Lachenaye, bourgeois merchant of Québec, on a property belonging to them on Île-d’Orléans, in the seigneurie of Liret, measuring three arpents of frontage facing the river. De Lachenaye paid them a sum of 1,000 livres. 

• April 24, 1669: Charles, a resident of Île-d’Orléans, leased a house located in Québec’s Lower Town to Nicolas Durand for 26 livres.

• October 23, 1669: Jacques Genest dit Labarre acknowledged a debt of 200 livres to Charles. The very next day, he registered a donation to Charles of all his movable and immovable property. A year and a half later, on February 22, 1771, Charles issued a retrocession of the donation, which had likely acted as security against the debt.

• June 14, 1671: Charles received a land concession from Claude Bermen and Anne Desprez [Després] on the shores of the St. Lawrence, between his house and the hospital. The agreement included fishing rights.

• July 12, 1671: Charles purchased one arpent of land and a house in the seigneurie of Gaudarville from René Meseré [Mezeray] and Nicole Garmen [Garman] for [250?] livres.

• June 30, 1672: Charles and Catherine, “from Cap-Rouge,” sold a house on rue Sous le Fort in Québec’s Lower Town to Guillaume Bauche [Baucher] de Montmorency. 

• July 25, 1677: Charles, “from Quebecq,” leased a farm and fishing territory in the seigneurie of Lauson [Lauzon] to Étienne Dumets, who agreed to provide Charles with 3,500 eels to be delivered in Québec at the home of Mr. Thibierge.

Hired Help

In the 1670s, Charles hired several men as contracted workers:

• July 25, 1670: Charles hired Pierre Lejemble to work for him, starting three days from the contract date until the upcoming feast of Saint-Martin. Charles promised to house and feed Lejemble, “treat him humanely,” and pay him 55 livres and 100 sols. The nature of the work is not specified in the agreement.

• September 2, 1675: Charles hired Nicolas Ferron dit Lemarquis de Labresche for a period of two and a half months. During this time, Charles agreed to feed and house Ferron, treat him humanely, and pay him 45 livres. Again, the nature of the work is not specified.

• August 1, 1677 : Charles, “from Cap-Rouge," and Nicolas Durant hired René Blanchard for a period of one year for “navigation” purposes on the “voyages they will take around Quebeq and elsewhere” on their boat, for the sum of 60 livres.

• August 9, 1677: Charles, “boat master of La Sainte-Anne,” hired Pierre Rivau as seaman or deckhand for 25 livres per month.

Charles appeared to be making a living as a boat master, though the specifics of his activities are unknown. On December 31, 1677, he and Bertrand Chesnay de Lagarenne exchanged boats through a formal notarial agreement before notary Rageot. On March 29, 1678, Charles leased a rowboat to Pierre Rivau.

Death of Catherine Camus

Catherine Camus died sometime before October 17, 1678. On this date, she is referred to as deceased at her daughter Marie’s wedding.

In 1681, widower Charles was enumerated in the census of New France living in the seigneurie of Gaudarville with his children Madeleine (12) and [Louis] Bernard (10). He owned one gun and 12 arpents of cultivated land.

On April 27, 1688, Charles received a land concession for a tract of land along the St. Lawrence River, situated between the lands of Lavaltrie and those of Sieur d’Autray. The land measured two leagues of frontage along the St. Lawrence River and extended two leagues deep. The concession was to be shared with sieur Lessard de Lanoraie (husband of his half-sister Marguerite), Marie Denise Sevestre (his half-sister) et Catherine Gauthier (his sister).

A decade later, on September 9, 1698, Charles sold his fifth of the aforementioned a plot of land to Marie [Madeleine] Sevestre, his half-sister, and Louis Denior de Lanoraie, her husband, for 100 livres. Charles was a resident of Cap-Rouge, while Marie and her husband lived in the parish of Sainte-Famille on Île-d’Orléans.  

On January 2, 1700, Charles signed an agreement with the parish and churchwardens of Notre-Dame de Québec, acting on his own behalf and on behalf of his children. Charles was indebted to the parish for 47 years of arrears on rentes censives for his house located in the seigneurie of Cap-Route, charged at 25 livres per year. A sum of 30 livres was deducted from the total amount owed, reflecting a previous payment Charles had made. The parties agreed that Charles would pay a total of 500 livres for “all past arrears.”  

Charles’s name appeared in notarial records for the last time on April 3, 1700. On that date, Charles sold half a plot of land and a house located on Île-d’Orléans to his son Louis Bernard “Gautier de la Pigeonnière” for 1,000 livres. The land measured three arpents of frontage facing the St. Lawrence and extended in depth up to “the line which separates the said island from point to point.” Louis paid his father 600 livres on that day, of which 500 livres was given to the Fabrique of Notre-Dame de Québec to cover the arrears owed. The notarial act recorded Charles as a militia captain residing in Cap-Rouge.

Death of Charles Gauthier de Boisverdun

Charles Gauthier de Boisverdun died at the age of 74 on February 9, 1703. He was buried the same day in the Notre-Dame parish cemetery of Sainte-Foy. Given the speed of his burial, Charles probably died of smallpox. Between 1702 and 1703, the disease killed between 1,000 and 1,200 people, which translated to 8% of the Canadian population at the time.

A street called Rue Boisverdun was named in Charles’s honour in 1983. It is located in the Cap-Rouge neighbourhood of Québec City, in the suburb of Sainte-Foy–Sillery–Cap-Rouge.

An Enduring Legacy

The Gauthier family's decision to leave their established life in Paris for the uncertainties of New France was a bold and risky move. Faced with the challenges of frontier life, they demonstrated remarkable resilience and adaptability. Similarly, the Camus sisters embarked on an equally daunting adventure, seeking a better future in a land known for its harsh conditions and limited resources. Both families' courage and determination to thrive in an unfamiliar world laid the foundations for future generations, contributing significantly to the early development and settlement of New France.

Sources:

• "Registres paroissiaux et d'état civil," Archives de la ville de Blois, d’Agglopolys et du Cias (https://archives.blois.fr/ark:/55406/s0056c90ce8e02bc/56c90ce9040f1 : accessed 2 Jul 2024), baptism of Catherine Camus, 23 Nov 1633, "Saint-Solenne, Baptêmes (14 novembre 1633-16 juin 1652)," image 4 of 364.

• Le breviere des courtisans enrichy d'un grand nombre de figures. Par le Sr de La Serre historiographe de France (Paris, Mathurin Henault, Nicolas de La Vigne, Philippes Gaultier, Nicolas de La Coste, 1630), digitized book, Bibliothèque nationale de France (https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1512174x/f7.item : accessed 3 Jul 2024).

• Claude Vaure, L'Entretien des vieillards, ou Miroir dans lequel ils verront les advantages de leur aage pour leur consolation, oeuvre utile à toutes personnes et dans laquelle les prédicateurs trouveront de la matière pour cinq ou six sermons... (Paris, P. Gaultier, 1625), digitized book, Bibliothèque nationale de France (https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k87170549?rk=42918;4# : accessed 3 Jul 2024).

• Sinibal de Spadacine, Miroir d'astrologie naturel de Cinibal de Spadacine,... lequel traicte de l'inclination de l'homme et de sa nativité, de tous les mois de l'année et de tout ce qu'il peut avoir de bien ou mal. Plus un autre traicté de la complection, des coustumes et maladies des femmes, de leur inclination du bien et du mal et de leur vie. - La Cognoissance de la bonne ou mauvaise fortune des hommes ou des femmes (Paris, P. Gaultier, 1626), digitized book, Bibliothèque nationale de France (https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k8702219q?rk=21459;2# : accessed 3 Jul 2024).

• Marcellin Bompart, Nouveau chasse peste (Paris, Philippes Gaultier, 1630), digitized book, Université Paris Cité (https://www.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/histmed/medica/page?352872&p=4 : accessed 3 Jul 2024).

• Sinibal de Spadacine, Le miroir d'astrologie naturel. Traictant de l'inclination de l'homme, de sa nativité, de tous les mois de l'année, & de tout ce qu'il peut avoir de bien ou mal. Avec un traicté de la complexion & maladie des femmes, de leur inclination du bien & du mal, & de leur vie. Où est adjousté de nouveau la cognoissance de bonne & mauvaise fortune. Par Sinibal de Spadacine, de Chasteauneuf, astrologue de l'estat de Milan (Paris, Philippe Gaultier, 1631), digitized book, Archive.org (https://archive.org/details/BSG_8V628INV2672/page/n3/mode/2up : accessed 3 Jul 2024).

• Marcellin Bompart, La conference et entrevue d'Hippocrate et de Democrite. Tirée du grec et commentee (Paris, la veuve Philippe Gaultier, 1632), digitized book, Université Paris Cité (https://www.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/histmed/medica/page?33186&p=1 : accessed 3 Jul 2024).

• David de Planis Campy, L'ouverture de l'Escolle de philosophie transmutatoire metallique ou la plus saine et veritable explication & consiliation de tous les stiles desquels les philosophes anciens se sont servis en traictant de l'oeuvre physique sont amplement declarées (Paris, Charles Sevestre, 1633), digitized book, Université Paris Cité (https://www.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/histmed/medica/page?77747&p=9 : accessed 3 Jul 2024).

• Fédération québécoise des sociétés de généalogie, Fichier Origine online database (https://www.fichierorigine.com/recherche?numero=360030 : accessed 2 Jul 2024), entry for Charles GAUTHIER / BOISVERDUN (person 360030), updated on 14 Mar 2020.

• "Le LAFRANCE (Baptêmes, mariages et sépultures)," database and digital images, Généalogie Québec (https://www.genealogiequebec.com/Membership/LAFRANCE/acte/66488 : accessed 2 Jul 2024), marriage of Charles Gautier de Boisverdun and Catherine Camus, 1 Aug 1656, Québec (Notre-Dame-de-Québec) ; citing original data: Institut généalogique Drouin.

• Ibid. (https://www.genealogiequebec.com/Membership/LAFRANCE/acte/82937 : accessed 2 Jul 2024), burial of Charles Gautier Deboiverdun, 9 Feb 1703, Ste-Foy (Notre-Dame-de-Foy).

• Jacques Mathieu, Eugen Kedl, Les Plaines d'Abraham : le culte de l'idéal (Québec, Les éditions du Septentrion, 1993), 46.

• "Early French settlements (1605 to 1691)," Statistics Canada (https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/98-187-x/4064812-eng.htm : accessed 2 Jul 2024), archived content.

• “Gaudarville,” Société d'histoire de Sainte-Foy (https://shsaintefoy.com/gaudarville/ : accessed 4 Jul 2024).

• Joseph-Edmond Roy, Histoire de la seigneurie de Lauzon (Lévis, Mercier & compagnie, 1897), 94.

• "Actes de notaire, 1634, 1649-1663 : Guillaume Audouart," digitized images, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSVN-3KLY?i=354&cat=1171569 : accessed 4 Jul 2024), sale of a house and land to Charles Gautier dit Boisverdun by the Fabrique de Notre-Dame-de-Québec, 5 Feb 1651, images 354-355 of 2642; citing original data: Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec.

• Ibid. (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSVN-3J4L?i=1457&cat=1171569 : accessed 3 Jul 2024), sale of a dwelling from Charles Gautier dit Boisverdun to François Blondeau, 6 Jun 1656, images 1459-1463 of 2642.[1]

• Ibid. (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSVN-32HK?i=1594&cat=1171569 : accessed 4 Jul 2024), donation from René Meseré dit Nosse to Charles Gautier, 10 Nov 1656, image 1595 of 2642.

• Ibid. (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSVN-32CV?i=1624&cat=1171569 : accessed 4 Jul 2024), sale of land from René Meseré dit Nosse, and Nicole Garnaud to Charles Gautier, 8 Feb 1657, images 1625-1626 of 2642.

• "Actes de notaire, 1666-1691 : Gilles Rageot," digitized images, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSVF-YQZ9-D?i=514&cat=1171570 : accessed 5 Jul 2024), exchange of land in the Lauson seigneury between Michel Fillion and Charles Gautier de Boisverdun, 3 Oct 1668, images 515-517 of 1443; citing original data: Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec.

• Ibid. (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSVF-YQ89-Y?i=1120&cat=1171570 : accessed 8 Jul 2024), land concession from Claude Bermen and Anne Desprez to Charles Gaultier de Boisverdun, 14 Jun 1671, images 1121-1123 of 1443.

• Ibid. (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSVF-YQZ1-6?i=1147&cat=1171570 : accessed 8 Jul 2024), sale of land by René Meseré and Nicole Garmen to Charles Gautier de Boisverdun, 12 Jul 1671, images 1148-1149 of 1443.

• Ibid. (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QHV-V3DQ-J4FT?i=1448&cat=1171570 : accessed 8 Jul 2024), farm and fishing lease by Charles Gautier de Boisverdun to Etienne Dumets, 25 Jul 1677, images 1449-1450 of 3381.

• Ibid. (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QHV-J3DQ-JH4L?i=1452&cat=1171570 : accessed 8 Jul 2024), work engagement of René Blanchard to Charles Gautier de Boisverdun and Nicolas Durant, 1 Aug 1677, images 1453-1454 of 3381.

• "Actes de notaire, 1666-1691 : Gilles Rageot," digitized images, Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec (https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/4083920?docref=eJn8bD78ij2ps8Um8Q7zoA : accessed 8 Jul 2024), work engagement of Pierre Rivau to Charles Gautier de Boisverdun, 9 Aug 1677, image 292 of 1252.

• Ibid. (https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/4083920?docref=1dXjErVlc59z_VDiKXcaBg : accessed 8 Jul 2024), exchange of boats between Charles Gautier de Boisverdun and Bertrand Chesnay de Lagarenne, 31 Dec 1677, images 387-389 of 1252.

• Ibid. (https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/4083920?docref=VOIslq3kxkrbKpwdtX6bHQ : accessed 8 Jul 2024), rowboat lease between Charles Gautier de Boisverdun and Pierre Rivau, 29 Mar 1678, images 442 -443 of 1252.

• "Actes de notaire, 1665-1682 : Romain Becquet," digitized images, Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec (https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/4064889?docref=dqC084pPxMoLeC0d3Q9-Wg : accessed 5 Jul 2024), Constitution of an annual and perpetual annuity by Charles Gaultier-Duboisverdun and Catherine Camus, to Charles Aubert de Lachenaye, 25 Oct 1668.

• Ibid. (https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/4064889?docref=crpQWlJktrv4JBY7pQIlwA : accessed 5 Jul 2024), Lease of a house in the lower town of Quebec from Charles Gautier-Duboisverdun to Nicolas Durand, 26 Apr 1669.

• "Actes de notaire, 1660-1688 : Michel Fillion," digitized images, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSVN-Q4BN?i=1752&cat=1176077 : accessed 5 Jul 2024), obligation of Jacques Genest dit Labarre toward Charles Gautier sieur de Boisverdun, 23 Oct 1669, image 1753 of 2056; citing original data: Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec.

• "Actes de notaire, 1655-1693 : Paul Vachon," digitized images, Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec (https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/4215635?docref=US9oWr0g47Vus3CGJnqkpg : accessed 5 Jul 2024), retrocession by Charles Gaultier-Duboisverdun to Jacques Genest dit Labarre, 22 Feb 1671, images 609-611 of 1169.

• "Actes de notaire, 1663-1687 : Pierre Duquet," digitized images, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSTC-Y9QV-P?i=1315&cat=1175224 : accessed 5 Jul 2024), work contract of Pierre Lejemble with Charles Gaultier, 25 Jul 1670, images 1316-1317 of 2541; citing original data: Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec.

• Ibid. (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSTC-Y1DL?i=2251&cat=1175224 : accessed 8 Jul 2024), work contract between Nicolas Ferron dit Lemarquis de Labresche and Charles Gaultier, 2 Sep 1675, image 2252 of 2541.

• "Actes de notaire, 1692-1716 : Louis Chambalon," digitized images, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QHV-L3NF-491F-K?i=1049&cat=1170051 : accessed 8 Jul 2024), sale of a portion of land by Charles Gautier to Marie Sevestre and Louis de Niort de Lanauraye, 9 Sep 1698, images 1050-1051 of 3419; citing original data: Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec.

• "Actes de notaire, 1694-1702 : Guillaume Roger," digitized images, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QHV-R3LF-TS7W?i=2949&cat=963718 : accessed 9 Jul 2024), transaction between Charles Gautier de Boisverdun and the Fabrique of the parish of Notre-Dame, 2 Jan 1700, images 2950-2952 of 3354; citing original data: Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec.

• Ibid. (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QHV-R3LF-T9YS?i=2997&cat=963718 : accessed 9 Jul 2024), sale of land from Charles Gautier de Boisverdun to his son Louis Gaultier de Lapigeonnière, 3 Apr 1700, images 2998-2999 of 3354.

• Parchemin, notarial database of ancient Québec (1626-1801), Société de recherche historique Archiv-Histo (www.Archiv-Histo.com : accessed 4 Jul 2024), "Vente d'un emplacement situé en la basse ville de Quebeq; par Charles Gaultier de Boisverdun, habitant et Catherine Camus, son épouse, du cap Rouge, à Guillaume Bauche de Montmorency, habitant, de l'île Dorleans," 30 Jun 1672, notary Romain Becquet. 

• “Collection Seigneuries - Archives nationales à Québec," Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec (https://advitam.banq.qc.ca/notice/1003462 : accessed 2 Jul 2024), "Concession de Charles de Lauzon à Charles Gauthier," 2 Jan 1663, notary Becquet, reference P240,D317,P26, Id 1003462. 

• "Fonds Conseil souverain - Archives nationales à Québec," Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec (https://advitam.banq.qc.ca/notice/401502 : accessed 2 Jul 2024), "Arrêt condamnant Louis Godefroy sieur de Normanville à payer la somme de 299 livres 7 sols à Charles Gauthier," 27 Oct 1663, reference TP1,S28,P1413, Id 401502.

• Ibid. (https://advitam.banq.qc.ca/notice/401798 : accessed 2 Jul 2024), "Jugement condamnant Charles Courtois et Laurent Denis, appelant d'une sentence rendue par le juge prévôt de Beaupré le 16 avril 1664, à payer 100 livres tournois au sieur Charles Gauthier, pour la valeur de cinq gros cochons qu'ils auraient chassés et poussés dans les bois après la Toussaint," 18 Jun 1664, reference TP1,S28,P1709, Id 401798.

• Ibid. (https://advitam.banq.qc.ca/notice/401880 : accessed 2 Jul 2024), "Arrêt annulant un contrat passé entre Charles Gauthier et Nicolas Chesneau et condamnant ledit Chesneau à livrer quatre milliers d'anguille fraîche et à remettre cinq nasses et leurs agréments audit Gauthier," 9 Aug 1664, reference TP1,S28,P1791, Id 401880. 

• “Fonds Cour supérieure. District judiciaire de Québec. Insinuations - Archives nationales à Québec,” Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec (https://advitam.banq.qc.ca/notice/81185 : accessed 2 Jul 2024), " Donation par Jacques Genest à Charles Gauthier de Boisverdun, ladite donation concernant tous les biens meubles et immeubles dudit Genest, Thierry de Lestre du Valon (Lettre - DeLestre - DeLettre) (Vallon - DuValon), bourgeois de Québec et Maurice Poulain (Poulin), sieur de LaFontaine, procureur du Roi aux Trois-Rivières, sont témoins," 24 Oct 1669, reference CR301,P55, Id 81185. 

• “Fonds Intendants - Archives nationales à Québec," Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec (https://advitam.banq.qc.ca/notice/93506 : accessed 2 Jul 2024), "Brevet de confirmation par Sa Majesté de la concession accordée au sieur Lessard de la Noraye (LaNoraye), Charles Gauthier, Marie-Denise Sevestre et Catherine Gauthier d'une étendue de terre le long du fleuve Saint-Laurent, entre les terres de Lavaltrie et celles du sieur Dautray, laquelle concession ayant été faite le 27 avril 1688 par messires de Denonville et Bochart Champigny, gouverneur et intendant en Nouvelle-France," 23 Apr 1700, reference E1,S4,SS1,D119,P2, Id 93506.

• "Recensement du Canada, 1666," Library and Archives Canada (https://collectionscanada.gc.ca/ : accessed 2 Jul 2024), entry for Charles Gaultier, 1666, Île-d’Orléans, Finding aid no. MSS0446, MIKAN no. 2318856; citing original data: Centre des archives d'outre-mer (France) vol. 460.

• "Recensement du Canada, 1667," Library and Archives Canada (https://collectionscanada.gc.ca/ : accessed 2 Jul 2024), entry for Charles Gaultier, 1667, Cap Rouge & Côte St-Ignace, and Petit Cap de la Madeleine,  Finding aid no. MSS0446, Item ID number: 2318857; citing original data: Centre des archives d'outre-mer (France) vol. 460.

• "Recensement du Canada fait par l'intendant Du Chesneau," Library and Archives Canada (https://collectionscanada.gc.ca/ : accessed 2 Jul 2024), entry for Charles Gauthier, 14 Nov 1681, Godarville, Finding aid no. MSS0446, MIKAN no. 2318858; citing original data: Centre des archives d'outre-mer (France) vol. 460.

• "Rue Boisverdun," Commission de toponymie, Gouvernement du Québec (https://toponymie.gouv.qc.ca/ct/ToposWeb/Fiche.aspx?no_seq=123566 : accessed 4 Jul 2024) ; citing Guide toponymique de Cap-Rouge, 1995.